{"id":1808,"date":"2023-10-24T11:49:31","date_gmt":"2023-10-24T09:49:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ceres-advisory.io\/?p=1808"},"modified":"2023-06-13T14:13:42","modified_gmt":"2023-06-13T12:13:42","slug":"les-bases-des-technologies-blockchain-ceres-advisory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ceres-advisory.io\/index.php\/2023\/10\/24\/les-bases-des-technologies-blockchain-ceres-advisory\/","title":{"rendered":"Les technologies de la Blockchain, rappel des principes de base"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbsection\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.16″ global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.16″ background_size=\u00a0\u00bbinitial\u00a0\u00bb background_position=\u00a0\u00bbtop_left\u00a0\u00bb background_repeat=\u00a0\u00bbrepeat\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.16″ custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#edc833″ global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Quelques d\u00e9finitions Blockchain ?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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Hassan\u00a0:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ab Une blockchain est une architecte \u00e9volutive bas\u00e9e sur un registre de donn\u00e9es distribu\u00e9e. Ces donn\u00e9es sont des transactions, des contrats, des \u0153uvres d\u2019art,\u2026 Ce registre \u00e9tant distribu\u00e9 sur l\u2019ensemble des n\u0153uds que constitue ce r\u00e9seau blockchain il est r\u00e9sulte une protection accrue contre la falsification et la fraude.<\/p>\n

Pour alimenter ce registre en nouvelles donn\u00e9es, une blockchain s\u2019appuiera sur un m\u00e9canisme de consensus ou de validation d\u00e9centralis\u00e9. Les n\u0153uds constituant ce r\u00e9seau sont ceux qui vont participer \u00e0 cette \u00e9tape de validation, bas\u00e9 sur des principes cryptographiques tel qu\u2019on les retrouve dans d\u2019autres application comme la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 informatique ou encore celle de nos cartes de paiement \u00e0 puce. Il n\u2019y a donc pas de tiers de confiance, telle une banque, un notaire, un assureur, mais bien un ensemble d\u2019acteurs qui participe \u00e0 la s\u00e9curisation du r\u00e9seau, il en r\u00e9sulte une protection tr\u00e8s forte contre la corruption et la manipulation<\/p>\n

Depuis 2014 la blockchain Ethereum, introduit un principe novateur, le contrat intelligent (Smart contrat). Ce \u00ab contrat \u00bb programmable, est lui aussi h\u00e9berg\u00e9 sur une blockchain, et il est autonome une fois d\u00e9ploy\u00e9. Ces Smarts Contracts sont la base du d\u00e9veloppement exponentiel des applications et usages de la blockchain tels qu\u2019on les voit aujourd\u2019hui dans les services financiers, les assurances, l\u2019art, la culture, l\u2019industrie ou encore l\u2019immobilier. On peut donc int\u00e9grer de la logique m\u00e9tier dans une blockchain, et s\u2019assurer que ce code pilote un processus en toute autonomie et en se passant encore une fois d\u2019un tiers de confiance ou intervenant.<\/p>\n

Une blockchain publique est par d\u00e9finition ouverte \u00e0 tous ; tout le monde peut avec un minimum d\u2019effort contribuer \u00e0 sa s\u00e9curisation en d\u00e9ployant un nouveau n\u0153ud, et en participant \u00e0 la validation de transactions dans le registre. Les donn\u00e9es transitant sur ces blockchains sont par design disponibles en transparences, avec une logique de pseudonimat des acteurs qui en sont \u00e0 l\u2019origine ou \u00e0 la r\u00e9ception<\/p>\n

Enfin, un Oracle est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment tr\u00e8s important car il fait le lien entre les donn\u00e9es on-chain, qui r\u00e9side sur une blockchain, et les donn\u00e9es off-chain qui sont par d\u00e9finition stock\u00e9s en dehors. Ces Oracles sont tr\u00e8s utiles pour alimenter des processus cod\u00e9s sur des contrats intelligents, on pourra par exemple programmer un Smart Contrat pour \u00e9mettre un paiement si des conditions ext\u00e9rieures sont remplies, par exemple : assurance, transaction immobili\u00e8re. \u00bb<\/p>\n

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Qu’est-ce que le contrat de confiance producteur \/ consommateur ?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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Hassan\u00a0:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ab Le livre blanc du Bitcoin, publi\u00e9 en octobre 2008 d\u00e9crit le projet initial de Satoshi Nakamoto. Ce dernier d\u00e9crit la mise en place d\u2019un syst\u00e8me financier parall\u00e8le et ind\u00e9pendant des tiers de confiance traditionnels, par exemple les banquier, envers lesquels une crise de confiance sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent avait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clench\u00e9 lors de la crise des Subprimes.<\/p>\n

Une blockchain est en effet un r\u00e9seau qui permet de transaction en Pair-\u00e0-pair, sans passer par un tier, tout en assurant une transparence compl\u00e8te mais pseudonyme des \u00e9changes. Cette technologie, s\u00e9curis\u00e9e par des outils cryptographiques \u00e9prouv\u00e9 allait poser les bases d\u2019un nouveau syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9change de valeur, en circuit court, mettant en contact direct les producteurs et les consommateurs.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs ce qui se cache derri\u00e8re le web3, cet internet qui se d\u00e9veloppe depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es et qui redonne la main aux cr\u00e9ateurs, tant en leur permettant de garder la maitrise de leurs donn\u00e9es, de leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s intellectuelles et de leurs \u0153uvres, tout en les mettant \u00e0 disposition des consommateurs.<\/p>\n

Un chanteur va par exemple pouvoir distribuer directement sa musique sur une blockchain publique, sans passer par un tiers de confiance gourmand en commission, tout en d\u00e9cidant du co\u00fbt d\u2019acc\u00e8s de son \u0153uvre. Ces royalties seront d\u2019ailleurs cod\u00e9s dans un contrat intelligent qui assurera la fiabilit\u00e9 du paiement vis-\u00e0-vis de cet artiste. \u00bb<\/p>\n

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Qu’en est-il du d\u00e9veloppement dans le domaine de la finance et de l’assurance d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e ?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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Hassan\u00a0: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ab La blockchain et ses technologies ont permis le d\u00e9veloppement de nouveaux produits et services pour l\u2019ensemble des industries de l\u2019\u00e9conomie r\u00e9elle. L\u2019un des principaux usages est celui li\u00e9 aux services financiers et aux assurances.<\/p>\n

La finance d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e, ou DeFi pour Decentralized Finance, est l\u2019un des principaux usages pour les consommateurs qui cherchent \u00e0 tirer profit d\u2019une finance peu r\u00e9gul\u00e9e, m\u00eame si cela va tr\u00e8s prochainement changer suite \u00e0 la signature du r\u00e8glement Europ\u00e9en MiCA. Ces produits financiers, d\u00e9centralis\u00e9s, ne sont donc pas propos\u00e9s par des banques mais des acteurs priv\u00e9s comme les exchanges.
On retrouve des services d\u2019\u00e9pargne, \u00e0 haut rendement et donc \u00e0 haut risque, mais aussi des services de pr\u00eats et de cr\u00e9dit, l\u00e0 aussi le plus souvent tr\u00e8s bien r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9. Pour finir cette description succincte il faut ne pas oublier la tokenisation d\u2019actifs, qui est aussi d\u2019une certaine mani\u00e8re un produit financier d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la blockchain et qui permet d\u2019augmenter la liquidit\u00e9 d\u2019actifs qui ne le sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas ou peu, par exemple l\u2019immobilier.<\/p>\n

Les produits assurantiels ne sont pas en reste, s\u2019agissant de tirer profit de la blockchain. On retrouve principalement trois cat\u00e9gories :
– Les produits d\u2019assurance qui tire profit de ces technologies en op\u00e9rant sur une blockchain et qui sont \u00e9mis par les assureurs traditionnels,
– Des nouveaux produits d\u2019assurances sp\u00e9cialement con\u00e7u pour les besoins de protection li\u00e9 aux nouveaux produits et services li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019industrie du web3.0,
– Enfin, des produits d\u2019assurance qui sont d\u00e9sign\u00e9s et pilot\u00e9s sur des r\u00e9seaux d\u00e9centralis\u00e9s par des nouveaux acteurs.<\/p>\n

Nous aurons l\u2019occasion d\u2019approfondir ces sujets dans les diff\u00e9rents podcasts.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

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Quelles sont les limites et les pi\u00e8ges \u00e0 \u00e9viter dans la Blockchain ?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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Hassan\u00a0:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ab Il est important de rappeler que la blockchain n\u2019est pas une solution magique, pouvant r\u00e9soudre n\u2019importe quel probl\u00e8me. Comme pour tout sujet, il convient de bien comprendre ses principes de bases, mais aussi son fonctionnement, ses contraintes, ses forces et ses faiblesses.<\/p>\n

Avant de se r\u00e9soudre \u00e0 d\u00e9ployer une blockchain, il convient d\u2019avoir une vision claire du probl\u00e8me que l\u2019on souhaite r\u00e9soudre, et d\u2019analyser l\u2019ensemble des solutions disponibles pour y r\u00e9pondre. Si et seulement si, la blockchain se d\u00e9marque comme \u00e9tant la meilleur option, alors on pourra d\u00e9rouler une analyse rigoureuse de la solution blockchain \u00e0 impl\u00e9menter.<\/p>\n

– Publique ou priv\u00e9e
– Doit-on surtout assurer la performance ou la s\u00e9curit\u00e9
– Quel niveau de d\u00e9centralisation
– Puis-je exposer des donn\u00e9es sensibles
– Comment la r\u00e9glementation pourrait impacter mon projet et ma solution
– \u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

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Un projet ? Une probl\u00e9matique ?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.ceres-advisory.io\/#contact\u00a0\u00bb url_new_window=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb button_text=\u00a0\u00bbContactez-nous\u00a0\u00bb button_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.20.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_divider show_divider=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.20.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb4px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.20.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.20.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_divider show_divider=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.20.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttp:\/\/uanblbe.cluster029.hosting.ovh.net\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/hassan-Cabinet-Conseil-CabinetConseil-blockchain-cryptomonnaie-crypto-web-nft-bitcoin-transformation-paiement-monnaie-web3.0-nouvelle-technologie-innovation.png\u00a0\u00bb alt=\u00a0\u00bbCabinet-Conseil-CabinetConseil-blockchain-cryptomonnaie-crypto-web-nft-bitcoin-transformation-paiement-monnaie-web3.0-nouvelle technologie-transaction-tech-numerique-digitalisation-digital-strategie-tech-syst\u00e8me d’information-SI-innovation\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbhassan-Cabinet-Conseil-CabinetConseil-blockchain-cryptomonnaie-crypto-web-nft-bitcoin-transformation-paiement-monnaie-web3.0-nouvelle technologie-innovation\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbImage\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.20.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb15%\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||18px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.20.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Hassan El Bakkali, Directeur Associ\u00e9 chez Ceres Advisory<\/em><\/p>\n

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Quelques d\u00e9finitions Blockchain ?Hassan\u00a0: \u00ab Une blockchain est une architecte \u00e9volutive bas\u00e9e sur un registre de donn\u00e9es distribu\u00e9e. Ces donn\u00e9es sont des transactions, des contrats, des \u0153uvres d\u2019art,\u2026 Ce registre \u00e9tant distribu\u00e9 sur l\u2019ensemble des n\u0153uds que constitue ce r\u00e9seau blockchain il est r\u00e9sulte une protection accrue contre la falsification et la fraude. Pour alimenter […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1962,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article"],"yoast_head":"\nLes bases des technologies Blockchain - Ceres Advisory<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le march\u00e9 de la technologie Blockchain devrait atteindre 20 milliards de dollars en 2024, ce dernier est en pleine expansion ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es - Ceres Advisory\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ceres-advisory.io\/index.php\/2023\/10\/24\/les-bases-des-technologies-blockchain-ceres-advisory\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les bases des technologies Blockchain - 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