{"id":1946,"date":"2023-10-29T00:00:24","date_gmt":"2023-10-28T22:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ceres-advisory.io\/?p=1946"},"modified":"2023-06-13T12:01:11","modified_gmt":"2023-06-13T10:01:11","slug":"lavenement-des-contrats-intelligents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ceres-advisory.io\/index.php\/2023\/10\/29\/lavenement-des-contrats-intelligents\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;av\u00e8nement des contrats intelligents"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_0  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>Qu'est-ce qu'un contrat intelligent ?<\/strong><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_1  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong><em>Hassan\u00a0:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Depuis 2014 la blockchain Ethereum, introduit un principe novateur, le contrat intelligent (Smart contrat). Ce \"contrat\" programmable, est lui aussi h\u00e9berg\u00e9 sur une blockchain, et il est autonome une fois d\u00e9ploy\u00e9. Ces Smarts Contracts sont la base du d\u00e9veloppement exponentiel des applications et usages de la blockchain tels qu\u2019on les voit aujourd\u2019hui dans les services financiers, les assurances, l\u2019art, la culture, l\u2019industrie ou encore l\u2019immobilier. On peut donc int\u00e9grer de la logique m\u00e9tier dans une blockchain, et s\u2019assurer que ce code pilote un processus en toute autonomie et en se passant encore une fois d\u2019un tiers de confiance ou intervenant.<\/p>\n<p>Ces principes ne sont n\u00e9anmoins pas nouveaux et dates des ann\u00e9es 1980 et 1990, d\u00e9cennies durant lesquelles des chercheurs comme Nick Szabo et David Chaum chercheront \u00e0 augmenter la port\u00e9e et l\u2019usage des contrats en utilisant des outils cryptographiques pour en s\u00e9curiser le bon fonctionnement, mais aussi am\u00e9liorer leur appropriation pour des usages contractuels li\u00e9s au commerce \u00e9lectronique qui se d\u00e9veloppait rapidement \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque. \u00bb<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_divider_0 et_pb_space et_pb_divider_hidden\"><div class=\"et_pb_divider_internal\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_1  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_2  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>Pourquoi et quand utiliser un contrat intelligent ?<\/strong><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_3  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong><em>Hassan\u00a0:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Un contrat intelligent permet donc la construction, la gestion et la maintenance de processus op\u00e9rationnels et m\u00e9tiers en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et autonomie sur une blockchain. Le code une fois d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 est immuable, et va s\u2019ex\u00e9cuter sans aucune intervention humaine afin d\u2019appliquer les r\u00e8gles et conditions cod\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>On utilisera donc un contrat intelligent pour ex\u00e9cuter tout ou partie d\u2019un processus, d\u2019une transaction, d\u2019un contrat financier ou tout autre clause, d\u00e8s lors qu\u2019on souhaite qu\u2019il soit autonome, s\u00e9curis\u00e9, transparent, auditable, fiable et immuable. Ces contrats n\u2019ont pas besoin d\u2019une interface pour s\u2019ex\u00e9cuter, ils sont parfaitement autonomes, et peuvent cohabiter avec des Oracles qui eux vont sourcer des donn\u00e9es en provenance de monde ext\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les exemples concrets d\u2019usage :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>automatiser le paiement de royalties li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019industrie de la musique, de l\u2019art ou de la culture (i.e. accord de distribution ou de consommation),<\/li>\n<li>d\u00e9velopper des services de finances d\u00e9centralis\u00e9s, payer des primes de d\u2019\u00e9pargne ou encore de staking,<\/li>\n<li>mettre en place des titres de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s fractionn\u00e9s pour l\u2019immobilier ou la d\u00e9tention d\u2019actifs mobiliers, d\u2019options, d\u2019actions, ou autre titres financiers,<\/li>\n<li>d\u00e9ployer un smart contrat qui r\u00e9alisera automatiquement le r\u00e8glement d\u2019un sinistre si les conditions sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9s sont remplis,<\/li>\n<li>d\u00e9ployer une identit\u00e9 digitale d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e, permettant \u00e0 son propri\u00e9taire de d\u00e9cider qui a le droit d\u2019utiliser cette identit\u00e9,<\/li>\n<li>mettre en \u0153uvre un dossier m\u00e9dical, et permettre l\u00e0 aussi \u00e0 un patient de d\u00e9tenir ses donn\u00e9es m\u00e9dicales tout en d\u00e9cidant quel practicien peut acc\u00e9der \u00e0 quelle information,<\/li>\n<li>pour orchestrer la vente ou l\u2019achat de biens qui sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pilot\u00e9s par des notaires,<\/li>\n<li>Et bien d\u2019autres. \u00bb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_divider_1 et_pb_space et_pb_divider_hidden\"><div class=\"et_pb_divider_internal\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_2  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_2  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_4  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>Qu'en est-il du d\u00e9veloppement des assurances param\u00e9triques ?<\/strong><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_5  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong><em>Hassan\u00a0: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Pour rappel une assurance param\u00e9trique permet d\u2019indemniser un assur\u00e9 non pas sur la base des dommages subis mais plut\u00f4t sur la base de certains param\u00e8tres pr\u00e9vus dans le contrat. Le plus souvent il s\u2019agit d\u2019observer le d\u00e9clenchement de certaines conditions qui donneront lieu \u00e0 une indemnisation forfaitaire.<\/p>\n<p>Ce type d\u2019assurance a tr\u00e8s rapidement adopt\u00e9 la blockchain et le smart contrat comme architecture cible de fonctionnement. En effet le smart contrat va permettre d\u2019automatiser et d\u2019inscrire dans son code les conditions de d\u00e9clenchement de l\u2019indemnit\u00e9, mais aussi son montant forfaitaire. Un oracle permettra quant \u00e0 lui le plus souvent d\u2019observer off-chain (donc hors blockchain) les conditions de d\u00e9clenchement.<\/p>\n<p>Parmi les exemples les plus fr\u00e9quents, et que vous avez peut-\u00eatre d\u00e9j\u00e0 utilis\u00e9 sans vous en rendre compte on retrouve les assurances voyages, qui pr\u00e9voient le paiement d\u2019une indemnit\u00e9 forfaitaire lorsque votre vol \u00e0 un certain nombre d\u2019heure de retard (ou encore votre baguage). Votre contrat souscrit lors de l\u2019achat de votre billet d\u2019avion a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 sur une blockchain, et ce dernier, va ensuite sonder r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement les horaires de votre vol via un oracle. Si les conditions de retard sont r\u00e9unies l\u2019indemnit\u00e9 est d\u00e9clench\u00e9e et vous \u00eates indemnis\u00e9, voir une chambre d\u2019h\u00f4tel r\u00e9serv\u00e9e en votre nom.<\/p>\n<p>Un autre exemple tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandu est celui des assurances qui prot\u00e8gent des risques climatiques. Une fintech tr\u00e8s connue a d\u2019ailleurs d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des produits sp\u00e9cifiques pour indemniser les fermiers des pertes de leur r\u00e9coltes lorsque certaines conditions li\u00e9e aux intemp\u00e9ries sont observ\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>On estime aujourd\u2019hui \u00e0 plusieurs millions, le nombre de contrats d\u2019assurances param\u00e9triques sui s\u2019appuient sur une blockchain afin de fonctionner en toute autonomie. Les gains sous-jacents sont colossaux car non seulement le contrat d\u2019assurance est s\u00e9curis\u00e9 sur une blockchain d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e mais son ex\u00e9cution est rendue objective via le code du contrat intelligent et son indemnisation autonome via l\u2019oracle. Vous n\u2019\u00eates donc plus d\u00e9pendant d\u2019un gestionnaire qui pourrait avoir un regard subjectif sur le traitement de votre indemnit\u00e9\u2026 on a \u00e9limin\u00e9 non seulement les frictions dans le processus mais aussi les c\u00f4uts de gestion qui peuvent plomber la rentabilit\u00e9 de produits d\u2019assurances destin\u00e9s \u00e0 des populations fragiles. \u00bb<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_divider_2 et_pb_space et_pb_divider_hidden\"><div class=\"et_pb_divider_internal\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_3  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_3  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_6  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>Quels sont les autres usages dans l'assurance ?<\/strong><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_7  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong><em>Hassan\u00a0:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Pour poursuivre la discussion aux usages dans l\u2019assurance on peut aussi noter la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 mieux piloter la fraude et le risque.<\/p>\n<p>Ainsi certains consortiums d\u2019assureurs ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de mutualiser les donn\u00e9es li\u00e9es aux d\u00e9clarations de sinistres de leur r\u00e9gion. En partageant leurs informations via le registre de donn\u00e9es distribu\u00e9e d\u2019une blockchain (donc immuables, et infalsifiable), ils partagent en temps r\u00e9el une version unique de ces d\u00e9clarations, permettant d\u2019identifier les doublons de d\u00e9clarations que leurs assur\u00e9s pourraient \u00eatre tent\u00e9 de r\u00e9aliser aupr\u00e8s de diff\u00e9rents assureurs.<\/p>\n<p>Enfin s\u2019agissant de la gestion des grands risques, certains re-assureurs ont compris que la blockchain pouvait \u00eatre un atout majeur pour mieux partager et piloter les risques en partageant leurs donn\u00e9es avec les multiples parties prenantes intervenant dans le process d\u2019instruction et de valorisation de ces risques. Cela permettant in-fine des gains sur les co\u00fbts op\u00e9rationnels et donc un accroissement de leur marge. \u00bb<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_divider_3 et_pb_space et_pb_divider_hidden\"><div class=\"et_pb_divider_internal\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_4  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_8  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>Quels sont les 3 pi\u00e8ges \u00e0 \u00e9viter dans le d\u00e9ploiement des contrats intelligents ?<\/strong><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_9  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong><em>Hassan\u00a0:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00ab - Le smart contrat est aujourd\u2019hui l\u2019un des angles morts d\u2019une blockchain, il faudra s\u2019assurer de son audit avant son d\u00e9ploiement car une fois mis en place sur une blockchain impossible de revenir en arri\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>- Faire le bon choix entre un d\u00e9ploiement sur une blockchain publique ou priv\u00e9e selon le niveau de performance attendue, mais aussi le niveau de sensibilit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es expos\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>- Enfin, s\u2019assurer de la fiabilit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es externes que consulterait un oracle dans l\u2019ex\u00e9cution d\u2019un smart contrat. \u00bb<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_divider_4 et_pb_space et_pb_divider_hidden\"><div class=\"et_pb_divider_internal\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_5  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_5  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_divider_5 et_pb_space et_pb_divider_hidden\"><div class=\"et_pb_divider_internal\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_10  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Un projet ? Une probl\u00e9matique ?<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_0_wrapper et_pb_button_alignment_center et_pb_module \">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"et_pb_button et_d4_element et_pb_button_0 et_pb_bg_layout_light et_block_module\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ceres-advisory.io\/#contact\" target=\"_blank\">Contactez-nous<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_divider_6 et_pb_space et_pb_divider_hidden\"><div class=\"et_pb_divider_internal\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_6  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_6  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_divider_7 et_pb_space et_pb_divider_hidden\"><div class=\"et_pb_divider_internal\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"546\" src=\"http:\/\/uanblbe.cluster029.hosting.ovh.net\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/hassan-Cabinet-Conseil-CabinetConseil-blockchain-cryptomonnaie-crypto-web-nft-bitcoin-transformation-paiement-monnaie-web3.0-nouvelle-technologie-innovation.png\" alt=\"Cabinet-Conseil-CabinetConseil-blockchain-cryptomonnaie-crypto-web-nft-bitcoin-transformation-paiement-monnaie-web3.0-nouvelle technologie-transaction-tech-numerique-digitalisation-digital-strategie-tech-syst\u00e8me d&#039;information-SI-innovation\" title=\"hassan-Cabinet-Conseil-CabinetConseil-blockchain-cryptomonnaie-crypto-web-nft-bitcoin-transformation-paiement-monnaie-web3.0-nouvelle technologie-innovation\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ceres-advisory.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/hassan-Cabinet-Conseil-CabinetConseil-blockchain-cryptomonnaie-crypto-web-nft-bitcoin-transformation-paiement-monnaie-web3.0-nouvelle-technologie-innovation.png 620w, https:\/\/www.ceres-advisory.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/hassan-Cabinet-Conseil-CabinetConseil-blockchain-cryptomonnaie-crypto-web-nft-bitcoin-transformation-paiement-monnaie-web3.0-nouvelle-technologie-innovation-480x423.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 620px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-1082\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_11  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Hassan El Bakkali, Directeur Associ\u00e9 chez Ceres Advisory<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_divider_8 et_pb_space et_pb_divider_hidden\"><div class=\"et_pb_divider_internal\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1958,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1946","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - 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